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They follow the common form used for petitions addressed to anyone in authority, beginning with an address followed by a long preamble setting out the circumstances, with more briefly at the foot an indication of the action which it was desired should be taken by the court. Petitions are rarely dated.
SAA Archaeological Record, a companion publication to AA. As someone who has worked in both countries, I don’t think American archaeology is less concerned with practice, although I doubt an edited book celebrating Lewis Binford, for example, would contain papers contem-A History of Archaeology Thought (Second Edition) by Bruce. A History of Archaeological Thought mediafire.com, rapidgator.net, 4shared.com, uploading.com, uploaded.net Download Note: If you're looking for a free download links of A History of Archaeological Thought pdf, epub, docx and.
The Great Rolls of this county, or to give them their older and more descriptive title, the sessions bundles, are for most of their history similar to those found in other counties. They are not rolls, or enrolments, but files upon which are strung all the documents used at a particular Sessions, whether handed in at Court or made during the proceedings. When completed they were rolled and tied up, hence their name.
A History Of Archaeological Thought
The record of proceedings in this second court, which covers the years I821 to 1895 in four volumes, is similar in make-up to the main series of draft minutes. The entries are simple. A brief heading is provided, giving the dates of the sessions and the names of the justices deputed to sit in the second court, under a chairman who is designated. The names of the petty jurors follow, set out in two columns: and below them, under the headings Felons, Misdemeanants and Traverses, the names of the prisoners, with the plea, the verdict and the judgment of the court set out in columns. A fresh jury was called at various times during the sessions of the second court, which usually lasted for two days. The heading Second day divides the proceedings.
At the end of these entries he noted orders for transportation, the continuing of persons in prison, the discharges of prisoners, committals to the house of correction and removals of prisoners under writs of habeas corpus to other gaols. At some stage he added a classification of the crime- felony, burglary, misdemeanour or petty larceny in the left-hand margin. The Order Book for Transportations is almost solely concemed with orders for the transportation to the colonies of convicted felons who had been pardoned. Indeed, the _volume consists of a collection of printed orders with various blanks for the names of the prisoners and of the justices of the peace, who were to contract for the transportation. On the reverse of these printed order-forms the Clerk sometimes wrote other orders of the court concerning prisoners (as in Lent Assizes). The Process Book, containing the presentments of the grand jury and of constables of hundreds, was written up at the end of the previous Assizes.
(26) Recognizances to appear and give evidence May. Thomas Caswell of Bremhill, yeoman; against Abraham Tucker of Bremhill, yeoman, for stealing a sow out of Thomas Caswell s barkin; before Walter Hungerford May. John Chambers of Bremhill, yeoman; against Abraham Tucker as above June. Henry Barker of Westbury, victualler; against William Huntley of Westbury, for assaulting him and taking from him 4 horses when he was having them to pound from off the com in the common field of Westbury; before William Phipps June. William Wroughton, clerk, minister of Westbury; against William Huntley, for assaulting Henry Barker as above June.
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Witnesses, Daniel Jones and Henry Smith. George Dark as above, for assaulting Henry Smith; etc. Sarah, wife of John Musselwhite of Sutton Veny, labourer, for assaulting Edith Hinton; Sutton Veny, 5 Jan. Witness, Edith Hinton. Anthony Bayly of Milford, innholder, for suffering a hedge (which he ought to repair) standing between a certain close now in the possession of himself and a close in the possession of William Harris, Esqr., called the Paddock, to be broken down by reason whereof the cattle of him the said Anthony Bayly out of the close of him the said Anthony Bayly into the close of him the said William Harris. Did go and pass and the grass and herbage.
I653 bears the note Found n.g. Noe flight, but to be bound to the good behaviour in regard the evidence was playne against her and her father in law was one of the jury that acquitted her. Peyton missed this important point in his introduction, op. 2 Middlesex County Records, Ist Series, ed.
The decision to abandon the fair-copy was not, however, a deliberate one, but must have been due to some contemporary mischance since the record ends not only in the middle of a sessions, but in the middle of an entry. Possibly Swayne held that, in view of the relatively high standard of neatness achieved in the draft minutes, the fair-copy was redundant. Nevertheless, he made no special effort to keep his minute books tidy, and it would seem that for a third time the principle of compiling minutes which would be a fonnal record of the court rather than li. 51 INTRODUCTION clerical memoranda had again been lost to sight, for none of the records kept by john Swayne indicate -that he was conscious of it. PERIOD This period can be divided into two parts. The first, from 1824 to 1864, ischaracterized on the one hand by the disappearance of the faircopy minutes, with the implication we have already drawn; and on the other hand by the proliferation of separate series of entry books for various purposes. The second part covers the clerkships of William Clark Merriman and of his son Robert William Merriman.
Wiltshire is fortunate in having avoided this. All its parchment and paper documents were preserved together on one file, and though a small number of rolls for individual sessions here and there have been lost, doubtless in transit from one resting place to another, the record from I603 to the present day is a remarkably complete and full one.
9 INTRODUCTION biographical detail concerning them to be discoverable in local records or In printed works of reference. The little that has been discovered about those who follow Daniel Appleford may briefly be set out here. John Kent's pedigree appears in the Visitation of Wilts, I623. He was the son of Roger Kent of Copenhall (Cheshire) and became successively mayor, town clerk and Member of Parliament (I597, I620, I623) for Devizes. He died in I630 aged 72, leaving a son of the same name.
It seems, conversely, that it was this point which Edgell overlooked, for he is found once again making only such entries as would serve him when his memory failed, and for this purpose no high standard of neatness, legibility or detail was necessary. For the ensuing discussion of this series of records, it is proposed to divide the subject into four periods, and to make some general and some detailed remarks concerning the methods employed by the clerks during each period. As stated above, the first volume will not be considered further.
Downton: We present the parish of East Knoyle for not repareing the high wayes being very much out of repair. We present the lord of the manner for not repairing the pound in East Knoyle:' Christopher Chisman, John Coles, James Sanders, Young Mist, John King, Leonard Snow, Abraham Heighmore, William Hayter, James Whiler, Thomas Coffen, Ephraim Dauis, John Coles, John Roberts, William Oborne, Timothy Lodge, John Scaplen. Amesbury: Wee present that there are two elm trees (the property of John Baker of New Sarum)3 which were blown down about a year since and now remain in the common road or highway in the parish of Allington in the said hundred and are an obstruction to the said highway and ought to be removed by (the said)3 Mr. John Baker of Salisbury. Also wee present Uriah Dyke of Durrington in the said hundred for selling ale without a licence and keeping a disorderly house. Wee present that there is a common highway (in a river) leading from Brigmiston towards 1 The entry as given here contains emendations by the clerk.
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It is most probable that the originals were always dispatched to the clerk, as they are now, for they are addressed to the justices named in the commission. However, only thirty-three have survived, the earliest of which is a battered document of August, I688, the next being that of I714. The original commission for I736 is not among the survivors. The document which forms the basis of Appendix I was found among the papers of the Marquess of Ailesbury.
Again, all that is known of William Coles is that he was probably the man of that name who lived in the Close at Salisbury and who founded a charity in that city by his will proved in I674.6 He must not be confused with his contemporary of the same name who regularly appears in the Quarter Sessions records of this date as a Justice of the Peace, and who lived at Woodfalls in Downton and was M.P. For Downton in I654. The Herbert family of Wilton, Earls of Pembroke and Montgomery, were Custodes Rotulorum at this time, and this doubtless explains the provenance of the mid seventeenth century clerks from the southern part of the county. Gabriel Barnaby was likewise a prominent citizen of Salisbury.
From John Marshman; Melkesham, I Dec. Witness, John Marshman.
As we shall see, the calendar was also transcribed into the faircopy minute books during that part of the nineteenth century in which these books were kept. Three other types of document made by the clerk for his own convenience are found on the files for brief periods during the seventeenth century. The first of these is the list of recusants prepared from constables and jurors presentments.
Order as above, payment of 15 for charges in conveying of prisoners and for bread money for poor prisoners in this county Mr. This court, pursuant to the act of parliament for that purpose, doth order the treasurer of this county on sight hereof to pay unto William Brewer now, or late, constable of the liberty of Trowbridge in this county the sum of forty two shillings for the extraordinary charge and expence he hath been at in providing seven carriages for his Majesties service to go from Trowbridge aforesaid to Marshfield in the county of Gloucester Ga.oler s order.
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By I875 the number had been reduced to forty-two, because the amount of criminal business then being dispatched by the first court was small enough to be discharged by a single panel. The second type of jury list, common before the Restoration and found intermittently during the clerkship of Edgell (probably in those years when he was also under-sheriff), takes a different form from that described above. It is a small parchment strip, in Latin and in court hand, containing the names of a panel of twelve petty jurors and, at first at the head, later at the foot, a list of the prisoners whose cases were tried by that particular jury. Each prisoner has a note of his offence written beside his name, and a note of plea, verdict and sentence over it. The sheriff s name normally appears at the foot of this list, though on one occasion at least I668) the deputy clerk signed it and noted it as having been extracted by him. It would appear that here at least the document was prepared specially for the file, after sessions, from other records or notes. If this was indeed the normal procedure it would explain the disappearance of this type of document at the end of the seventeenth century, when all documents prepared after sessions specially for the record gradually disappear.
Order quashed Same against same. Order in the above case for payment of 20s., expenses in maintaining Simmons and his family, and zos. Costs to appellants John Wi1tshire s order of discharge.
Sometimes thay are found attached to a writ: at H one was filed to a writ of distringas. From I612 to 1782 presentments were required from the grand jurors, the hundred jurors and the constables of the hundreds.
Jonathan Richence, carpenter, Mark Ricbman, broadweaver, both of Hilperton, and Samuel Hall of Bradford, saddler; for what shall be objected against him by William Stovey of Hilperton, yeoman, and meanwhile to keep the peace; before Thomas Methuen. William Orchard and William Dowdell, both of Heytesbury, clothworkers; Catherine, wife of William Orchard, to answer for stealing coals from Edward Deans; before Thomas Bennet. William Lawrence, apprentice to Thomas Sherwood of Bishops Cannings, glovier, William Strong of Littleton Pannell, victualler, and William Taylor of Great Chiverell, butcher; for misbehaving himself towards his master and entering into his house at unreasonable times in the night; before James Townsend. (24) 1 Recognizance in the form of a bond to pay the sherifi, signed by Frowd and witnessed by James Parker. 123 TRINITY QUARTER SESSIONS May.
We cannot, in fact, fix a precise date for the commencement of this period, since, as we have said, john Swayne was, as his uncle s deputy, in complete charge of all the work of the clerk of the peace from an earlier date, and the changes we are about to describe were introduced by him at various times. The first of the new series to appear was a separate draft minute book of business transacted in the second court. A second court was a facility permitted to Quarter Sessions by an Act of 59 Geo. -III c.28, whereby the justices in sessions were allowed to depute certain of their number to hear cases in a place other than that in which the main body was sitting, if it appeared to them that they had more business than could be transacted in the statutory three days sessions. The result of this Act was that all but a token number of criminal cases were regularly delegated to a small committee of the justices, and the main court concemed itself almost entirely with administrative business, the hearing of appeals and the taking of the presentments and verdicts of the grand jury.
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The most frequently found are the requests for licences to build cottages according to the Act of 31 Eliz. I c.7, and the petitions of disabled soldiers attempting to obtain a pension.
At page 45 a sudden change is apparent, and it is on the basis of this changethat the deduction has been made that John Kent s clerkship began at Trinity Sessions, I601. The changes are those which are associated with his regime, and the characteristics which the record then assumed remained throughout his clerkship and lasted to some extent until about These characteristics are chiefly an exquisite neatness in the style of court hand used, and an exact and formal lay-out of the material, with such regular headings, spacing and indentations of margin that it becomes xliii. 43 INTRODUCTION possible merely from a glance at any page to see the type of business that is being recorded. The business of the court was set out by Kent under ten headings, in order as follows: de recognicionibus ad ultram in curia captis; de recognicionibus ad istarn per justiciariis, etc., certi/icatis, etc., de recognicionibus ad istam in curia captis; de indictamentis ad istam; de presentamentis ad zstam; de eleccionibus constabulariorum, de comparenciis ad istam; de traversis; de brevibus et processis ad istam emenendis; de ordinibus ad istam.